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Kyai Haji Ahmad Dahlan (Yogyakarta, 1 Agustus 1868–Yogyakarta, 23 Februari 1923) adalah seorang Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia. Beliau adalah putera keempat dari tujuh bersaudara dari keluarga K.H. Abu Bakar. KH Abu Bakar adalah seorang ulama dan khatib terkemuka di Masjid Besar Kasultanan Yogyakarta pada masa itu, dan ibu dari K.H. Ahmad Dahlan adalah puteri dari H. Ibrahim yang juga menjabat penghulu Kasultanan Yogyakarta pada masa itu.

Wisdom Words

"Don't let setbacks get you down. Studying successful people will show you that they did not attain their success without first overcoming challenges." Catherine Pulsifer

ASUS F8sg


The Infusion surface provides a new level of resilience, resisting scratches while looking sleek
Enjoy revolutionary entertainment on the go - Intel® Core™2 Duo processor in F8Sg enables breakthrough mobile performance, new high-definition capabilities and improved battery life.



Spesification:
* Intel Core2Duo T8100 Processor
(2.2GHz - 3Mb L2 - 800MHz)
*
Intel® 965PM Express Chipset
* 2Gb DDR2 677MHz (2x1Gb)
* 160Gb HDD SATA 5400rpm
* DVD Super Multi Double Layer
* 14.1" wide active matrix TFT LCD (WXGA)
*
Nvidia GeForce 9300Go 128Mb
* Intel PRO Wireless 3945ABG 802.11a/b/g
* GbLAN 10/100/1000 Mbps
*
Card Reader 8-in-1: MMC, MS, MS-Pro, SD, xD, Mini-SD, MS Duo, MS Pro Duo via adaptor
*
Built-in 1.3M pixels 240° Swivel Camera with LED lighting
* Built-in Bluetooth v2.0 + EDR
* Firewire IEEE 1394 port
* Built-in Secure Fingerprint
* Rechargeable Li-Ion 36 WHrs (6 cells: 2200Ah, 4S1P)
* Windows Vista Home Premium
*
2.59Kg (6 cell battery)

www.ASUS.com
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Pertarungan panas antara Radeon 4850 vs GeForce 9800GTX +.

AMD menyiapkan jawaban Nvidia yang mengeluarkan 9800 GTX+. Radeon akan dilepas tanpa proteksi alias dapat di overclock sehingga partner AMD dapat membuat produk lebih cepat dari standar.

Artinya produsen VGA akan menyiapkan VGA gelombang kedua versi OC 4850 dibandingkan 4850 versi standar.
Kecepatan 4850 dapat dipacu diatas 50mhz diatas kecepatan standar. Sedangkan GDDR3 dapat dinaikan untuk mencapai bandwidth 5-6Gb/s.
Dengan overclock, tentu kebutuhan cooling juga berubah. Ada indikasi HIS, Sapphire dan Diamon juga ikut memasarkan VGA dengan kecepatan OC.

Musim panas bisa menjadi pertarungan panas antara Radeon 4850 vs GeForce 9800GTX +.
Kami juga mendapat informasi bahwa Gigabyte akan mengeluarkan Radeon 4850 buatan sendiri. Tetapi belum jelas apakah ikut di pasar OC atau masih dibuat dengan kecepatan standarSetelah NVIDIA merilis kartu grafis kelas high-end GTX 280, AMD tidak mau ketinggalan. Melalui anak perusahaannya ATI, akan merilis kartu grafis Radeon 4850 pekan depan. Kartu yang dirancang dengan teknologi 55 nm dan berbasis core RV770 ini akan diluncurkan tanggal 25 Juni.

Radeon 4850 berkecepatan clock 625 MHz dan GDDR3 2000 MHz. Prosesor stream 480 pada core RV770 lebih andal dibanding 320 prosesor stream pada core RV670 yang dirilis November 2007. RV770 sekilas memiliki fitur sama dengan RV670 namun telah ditambahkan kemampuan untuk memproses Game Physics.

Sayangnya pada Radeon baru ini belum menggunakan memori GDDR5, padahal sebelumnya AMD memastikan RV770 telah mendukung penggunaan memori tersebut. Menurut dokumentasi AMD, Radeon 4870 segera diluncurkan pada musim panas mendatang dan kemungkinan telah langsung dipasangi memori GDDR5.

Radeon 4850 kemungkinan akan dipasarkan pada kisaran harga US$ 900. Kartu VGA ini menurut AMD tidak akan bersaing dengan kartu Nvidia seri GTX 200 yang baru saja dirilis seharga US$600. AMD memposisikan Radeon 4850 bertarung dengan NVIDIA GeForce 9800 GTX. Radeon baru tersebut memerlukan daya 450 Watt jika dipasang sebagai kartu tunggal dan naik menjadi 550 Watt ketika dipasang dobel pada mode CrossFire.

Sumber: AMD
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Wave


ISeng-iseng bikin kaos...
ni kaos bkinnya pagi2...bru bngun bobo.jelek yah...he3...aslinya warnanya orange,tp pas di upload kok jadi biru???tapi tak mengapa, soalnya itu tulisannya kan "wave" jadinya pas banget ama artinya..desainnya menggunakan CorelDraw 12. Ada yang tau ga knp ya warna gambar aslinya beda ama gambar setelah di upload?














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Hydroelectric power: How it works

Animation of a hydroelectric power plant in a damSo just how do we get electricity from water? Actually, hydroelectric and coal-fired power plants produce electricity in a similar way. In both cases a power source is used to turn a propeller-like piece called a turbine, which then turns a metal shaft in an electric generator Picture, which is the motor that produces electricity. A coal-fired power plant uses steam to turn the turbine blades; whereas a hydroelectric plant uses falling water to turn the turbine. The results are the same.



Take a look at this diagram (courtesy of the Tennessee Valley Authority) of a hydroelectric power plant to see the details:

Drawing of a turbine, which the water turns. The theory is to build a dam on a large river that has a large drop in elevation (there are not many hydroelectric plants in Kansas or Florida). The dam stores lots of water behind it in the reservoir. Near the bottom of the dam wall there is the water intake. Gravity causes it to fall through the penstock inside the dam. At the end of the penstock there is a turbine propeller, which is turned by the moving water. The shaft from the turbine goes up into the generator, which produces the power. Power lines are connected to the generator that carry electricity to your home and mine. The water continues past the propeller through the tailrace into the river past the dam. By the way, it is not a good idea to be playing in the water right below a dam when water is released!

This diagram of a hydroelectric generator is courtesy of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

As to how this generator works, the Corps of Engineers explains it this way:
"A hydraulic turbine converts the energy of flowing water into mechanical energy. A hydroelectric generator converts this mechanical energy into electricity. The operation of a generator is based on the principles discovered by Faraday. He found that when a magnet is moved past a conductor, it causes electricity to flow. In a large generator, electromagnets are made by circulating direct current through loops of wire wound around stacks of magnetic steel laminations. These are called field poles, and are mounted on the perimeter of the rotor. The rotor is attached to the turbine shaft, and rotates at a fixed speed. When the rotor turns, it causes the field poles (the electromagnets) to move past the conductors mounted in the stator. This, in turn, causes electricity to flow and a voltage to develop at the generator output terminals."
taken from http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/hyhowworks.html
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AntiMatter Weapon

The U.S. Air Force is quietly spending millions of dollars investigating ways to use a radical power source -- antimatter, the eerie "mirror" of ordinary matter -- in future weapons.

The most powerful potential energy source presently thought to be available to humanity, antimatter is a term normally heard in science-fiction films and TV shows, whose heroes fly "antimatter-powered spaceships" and do battle with "antimatter guns."

But antimatter itself isn't fiction; it actually exists and has been intensively studied by physicists since the 1930s. In a sense, matter and antimatter are the yin and yang of reality: Every type of subatomic particle has its antimatter counterpart. But when matter and antimatter collide, they annihilate each other in an immense burst of energy.

During the Cold War, the Air Force funded numerous scientific studies of the basic physics of antimatter. With the knowledge gained, some Air Force insiders are beginning to think seriously about potential military uses -- for example, antimatter bombs small enough to hold in one's hand, and antimatter engines for 24/7 surveillance aircraft.

More cataclysmic possible uses include a new generation of super weapons -- either pure antimatter bombs or antimatter-triggered nuclear weapons; the former wouldn't emit radioactive fallout. Another possibility is antimatter- powered "electromagnetic pulse" weapons that could fry an enemy's electric power grid and communications networks, leaving him literally in the dark and unable to operate his society and armed forces.

Following an initial inquiry from The Chronicle this summer, the Air Force forbade its employees from publicly discussing the antimatter research program. Still, details on the program appear in numerous Air Force documents distributed over the Internet prior to the ban.

These include an outline of a March 2004 speech by an Air Force official who, in effect, spilled the beans about the Air Force's high hopes for antimatter weapons. On March 24, Kenneth Edwards, director of the "revolutionary munitions" team at the Munitions Directorate at Eglin Air Force Base in Florida was keynote speaker at the NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts (NIAC) conference in Arlington, Va.

In that talk, Edwards discussed the potential uses of a type of antimatter called positrons.

Physicists have known about positrons or "antielectrons" since the early 1930s, when Caltech scientist Carl Anderson discovered a positron flying through a detector in his laboratory. That discovery, and the later discovery of "antiprotons" by Berkeley scientists in the 1950s, upheld a 1920s theory of antimatter proposed by physicist Paul Dirac.

In 1929, Dirac suggested that the building blocks of atoms -- electrons (negatively charged particles) and protons (positively charged particles) -- have antimatter counterparts: antielectrons and antiprotons. One fundamental difference between matter and antimatter is that their subatomic building blocks carry opposite electric charges. Thus, while an ordinary electron is negatively charged, an antielectron is positively charged (hence the term positrons, which means "positive electrons"); and while an ordinary proton is positively charged, an antiproton is negative.

The real excitement, though, is this: If electrons or protons collide with their antimatter counterparts, they annihilate each other. In so doing, they unleash more energy than any other known energy source, even thermonuclear bombs.

The energy from colliding positrons and antielectrons "is 10 billion times ... that of high explosive," Edwards explained in his March speech. Moreover, 1 gram of antimatter, about 1/25th of an ounce, would equal "23 space shuttle fuel tanks of energy." Thus "positron energy conversion," as he called it, would be a "revolutionary energy source" of interest to those who wage war.

It almost defies belief, the amount of explosive force available in a speck of antimatter -- even a speck that is too small to see. For example: One millionth of a gram of positrons contain as much energy as 37.8 kilograms (83 pounds) of TNT, according to Edwards' March speech. A simple calculation, then, shows that about 50-millionths of a gram could generate a blast equal to the explosion (roughly 4,000 pounds of TNT, according to the FBI) at the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City in 1995.

Unlike regular nuclear bombs, positron bombs wouldn't eject plumes of radioactive debris. When large numbers of positrons and antielectrons collide, the primary product is an invisible but extremely dangerous burst of gamma radiation. Thus, in principle, a positron bomb could be a step toward one of the military's dreams from the early Cold War: a so-called "clean" superbomb that could kill large numbers of soldiers without ejecting radioactive contaminants over the countryside.

A copy of Edwards' speech onNIAC's Web site emphasizes this advantage of positron weapons in bright red letters: "No Nuclear Residue."

But talk of "clean" superbombs worries critics. " 'Clean' nuclear weapons are more dangerous than dirty ones because they are more likely to be used," said an e-mail from science historian George Dyson of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, N.J., author of "Project Orion," a 2002 study on a Cold War-era attempt to design a nuclear spaceship. Still, Dyson adds, antimatter weapons are "a long, long way off."

Why so far off? One reason is that at present, there's no fast way to mass produce large amounts of antimatter from particle accelerators. With present techniques, the price tag for 100-billionths of a gram of antimatter would be $6 billion, according to an estimate by scientists at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center and elsewhere, who hope to launch antimatter-fueled spaceships.

Another problem is the terribly unruly behavior of positrons whenever physicists try to corral them into a special container. Inside these containers, known as Penning traps, magnetic fields prevent the antiparticles from contacting the material wall of the container -- lest they annihilate on contact. Unfortunately, because like-charged particles repel each other, the positrons push each other apart and quickly squirt out of the trap.

If positrons can't be stored for long periods, they're as useless to the military as an armored personnel carrier without a gas tank. So Edwards is funding investigations of ways to make positrons last longer in storage.

Edwards' point man in that effort is Gerald Smith, former chairman of physics and Antimatter Project leader at Pennsylvania State University. Smith now operates a small firm, Positronics Research LLC, in Santa Fe, N.M. So far, the Air Force has given Smith and his colleagues $3.7 million for positron research, Smith told The Chronicle in August.

Smith is looking to store positrons in a quasi-stable form called positronium. A positronium "atom" (as physicists dub it) consists of an electron and antielectron, orbiting each other. Normally these two particles would quickly collide and self-annihilate within a fraction of a second -- but by manipulating electrical and magnetic fields in their vicinity, Smith hopes to make positronium atoms last much longer.

Smith's storage effort is the "world's first attempt to store large quantities of positronium atoms in a laboratory experiment," Edwards noted in his March speech. "If successful, this approach will open the door to storing militarily significant quantities of positronium atoms."

Officials at Eglin Air Force Base initially agreed enthusiastically to try to arrange an interview with Edwards. "We're all very excited about this technology," spokesman Rex Swenson at Eglin's Munitions Directorate told The Chronicle in late July. But Swenson backed out in August after he was overruled by higher officials in the Air Force and Pentagon.

Reached by phone in late September, Edwards repeatedly declined to be interviewed. His superiors gave him "strict instructions not to give any interviews personally. I'm sorry about that -- this (antimatter) project is sort of my grandchild. ...

"(But) I agree with them (that) we're just not at the point where we need to be doing any public interviews."

Air Force spokesman Douglas Karas at the Pentagon also declined to comment last week.

In the meantime, the Air Force has been investigating the possibility of making use of a powerful positron-generating accelerator under development at Washington State University in Pullman, Wash. One goal: to see if positrons generated by the accelerator can be stored for long periods inside a new type of "antimatter trap" proposed by scientists, including Washington State physicist Kelvin Lynn, head of the school's Center for Materials Research.

A new generation of military explosives is worth developing, and antimatter might fill the bill, Lynn told The Chronicle: "If we spend another $10 billion (using ordinary chemical techniques), we're going to get better high explosives, but the gains are incremental because we're getting near the theoretical limits of chemical energy."

Besides, Lynn is enthusiastic about antimatter because he believes it could propel futuristic space rockets.

"I think," he said, "we need to get off this planet, because I'm afraid we're going to destroy it."

This article appeared on page A - 1 of the San Francisco Chronicle
written by Keay Davidson
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